when working in an environment that uses learning curves, the most effective plan for creating the perception that pay is related to performance is to provide the team members with an individual salary plus bonus based upon

A、individual productivity

B、cost effectiveness

C、group or team productivity

D、rating system developed by the project manager

E、all of the above

to calculate the expected value of an outcome:

A、divide the value of each outcome by its probability, then add the results.

B、divide the value of the desired outcome by the value all possible outcomes

C、multiply the value of each outcome by its probability, then add the results

D、use linear regression to assess the expected value of the outcome

E、b and d only

on a precedence diagram, the arrow between two boxes is called:

A、an activity.

B、a constraint.

C、an event.

D、the critical path.

E、none of above.

project cash reserves are often used for adjustment in escalation factors which may be beyond the control of the project manager. other than possibly financing (interest) costs and taxes, the three most common escalation factors involve changes in:

A、overhead rates, labor rates and material costs.

B、overhead rates, schedule slippages, and rework.

C、rework, cost-of-living adjustments, and overtime.

D、material costs, shipping cost, and scope changes.

E、labor rates, material costs, and cost reporting.

which of the following is most closely associated with pure risk:

A、profit and loss

B、personnel turnover

C、insurance

D、market fluctuations

E、a and d only

selective perception is （ ） of new conflicting information that may result, in a breakdown in communication.

A、encoding

B、blocking out

C、transmission

D、acceptance

E、decoding

quality control charts show a characteristic of the product or service against:

A、the specification limits.

B、customer requirements.

C、control limits based on three standard deviations in each direction.

D、control limits based on six standard deviations in each direction.

E、a and d only

project managers that are available to answer questions, provide guidance when need, and generally do not interfere with day-to-day activities have a(n) （ ） managerial style.

A、autocratic

B、conciliatory

C、ethical

D、facilitative

E、judicial

the work breakdown structure, the work packages, and the company's accounting system are tied together through the:

A、code of accounts.

B、overhead rates.

C、budgeting system.

D、capital budgeting process.

E、all of the above.

in the arrow diagramming method (adm), （ ） do not consume time or resources.

A、events.

B、activities

C、slack elements.

D、b and c only.

E、all of the above.