in the past, most project managers have come from （ ） fields without proper （ ） training or education in skills

A、technical; accounting/finance

B、technical; management

C、technical; psychological

D、marketing; technology-oriented

E、business; manufacturing know-how

by which process may an unsuccessful supplier seek remedy for unjust awards?

A、contract dispute

B、stop work order

C、bid protest

D、coffective action

E、none of the above.

which type of process involves the agency holding discussions with each of the offerors, after receipt of their proposals, in the process of arriving at an agreement prior to the award of a contract?

A、sealed bidding

B、competitive proposals

C、noncompetitive proposals

D、formal bid

E、verbal bid

the purpose of project risk management is to:

A、identify those factors that will adversely impact project objectives.

B、assess the impact of adverse project factors.

C、assess the probability of adverse project factors.

D、a and c

E、all of the above.

the type of contract (payment mechanism) chosen for a project is often a reflection of the degree of risk associated with completing that project. for a firm fixed price contract, payment for risk （ ） .

A、is accomplished by paying the actual costs to the contractor.

B、is accomplished by paying the contractor for his costs plus a fixed fee (profit).

C、is an undisclosed contingency in the contractor's bid.

D、is accomplished by paying for the budgeted costs of dealing with risks, as predicted in the project risk assessment.

E、b and c

risk classified as unknown unknowns (i.e., those which cannot be identified or evaluated):

A、should be deflected to the contracting officer

B、should be handled via contingency allowances

C、should be ignored, since they cannot be identified

D、should be ignored, since they are not covered in the project risk assessment

E、c and d

an informal communication network on a project and within an organization is called a(n):

A、free upward flow

B、free horizontal flow

C、unrestricted communication flow

D、grapevine

E、open network

which is not an element of procurement management?

A、purchasing

B、expenditure

C、marketing

D、inspection

E、b and d

an element in the wbs was estimated to require 1 month for completion with 1000 hours of labor and a burdened cost of $50k. the task was completed in 1000 hours but a burdened cost of $60k. the most likely reason for the increase would be:

A、higher salaried employees were assigned.

B、overtime was required.

C、the overhead rate increased.

D、employee salaries had increased.

E、any of the above

the major difference between project and line management is that the project manager may not have any control over which basic management function?

A、decision-making

B、staffing

C、rewarding

D、tracking/monitoring

E、reviewing