job deｓcriptions are examples of （ ）communications.

A、upward

B、downward

C、horizontal

D、diagonal

E、none of the above

which of the following processes allow an unsuccessful bidder to seek remedy for contract award to another bidder.

A、bid protest

B、bid review

C、award protest

D、award review

E、any of the above processes can be used

a project team member submits a suggestion on how to improve the corporate procurement process. this is an example of （ ） communication

A、upward

B、downward

C、horizontal

D、diagonal

E、none of the above.

the pareto principle is a technique used to determine which quality control problems in a particular process should be corrected. which of the following statements best represents the philosophy employed by this principle?

A、in order to minimize financial losses from quality control problems, all problems which have a measureable cost should be corrected

B、the majority of defects are caused by a small percentage of the identifiable problems. improvement efforts should be reserved for these vital problems.

C、in order to achieve zero defects, all quality control problems, including those which do not have a direct financial cost should be corrected.

D、generally, 80% of the quality control problems are justifiable for correction via cost-benefit analysis. the remaining 20% are not financially worthy of improvement efforts.

E、a and d

monte carlo simulation:

A、was originally developed by dr. carlo

B、is a european technique for assessing project risks

C、assumes the future risk events will occur at random according to predetermined probability distributions

D、is a technique to stimulate create risk event resolution

E、a, b and c only

communication in both project and non-project-driven organizations should occur in directions.

A、one

B、two

C、three

D、four

E、five

japanese quality control has improved dramatically in the last 30 years for all of the following reasons except:

A、the use of quality circles.

B、small, continuous improvements in quality control.

C、the use of worker suggestion systems.

D、the use of quality control charts.

E、focusing quality control efforts on production outputs.

management reserves are normally defined as a % of the total budget. as a project progresses, the project manager wants the $ value of management reserve to （ ）, whereas the customer wants the management reserve to （ ）.

A、increase, increase.

B、increase, decrease.

C、decrease, decrease.

D、decrease, increase.

E、remain the same, return to customer.

according to herzberg, which of the following is a motivational factor?

A、pay

B、hygiene needs

C、achievement

D、working conditions

E、vacation time

the utility of a risk seeker is:

A、negatively exponential

B、positively skewed

C、increasing

D、decreasing

E、symmetrical